A Contigency-Based View of Chief Executive Officer's Early Warning Behavior: An Empirical Analysis of German Medium-Sized Companies

Organizations need to identify risks and chances of environmental changes in order to adapt to or possibly even to influence them. Early warning which comprises scaning and interpretation plays an important role in this process. Whereas the traditional contingency approach considers early warning as a part of the organizational structure, the extended contigency theory assumes the additional influence of an individual's personality on early warning.